Many modern enterprises operate in a hybrid environment, where Active Directory is used together with Azure Active Directory. In most cases, identities will be synchronized from the on-premises Active Directory to Azure AD, and the on-premises AD remains authoritative. Because of this integration, it is often possible to move laterally towards Azure AD when the on-premises AD is compromised. Mo...
Ever since the initial release of ROADrecon and the ROADtools framework I have been adding new features to it, especially on the authentication side. As a result, it supports many forms of authentication, such as using Primary Refresh Tokens (PRTs), PRT cookies, and regular access/refresh tokens. The authentication modules are all part of the shared library roadlib, and can be used in other too...
A while back, I read an interesting blog by Oddvar Moe about Pre-created computer accounts in Active Directory. In the blog, Oddvar also describes the option to configure who can join the computer to the domain after the object is created. This sets an interesting ACL on computer accounts, allowing the principal who gets those rights to reset the computer account password via the “All extended ...
One thing I love is when I think I understand a topic well, and then someone proves me quite wrong. That was more or less what happened when James Forshaw published a blog on Kerberos relaying, which disproves my conclusion that you can’t relay Kerberos from a few years ago. James showed that there are some tricks to make Windows authenticate to a different Service Principal Name (SPN) than wha...
I did not expect NTLM relaying to be a big topic again in the summer of 2021, but among printing nightmares and bad ACLs on registry hives, there has been quite some discussion around this topic. Since there seems to be some confusion out there on the how and the why, and new attack vectors coming up fast now, I figured I’d write a short post with some more details and background. Hardly anythi...